Bridge Rectifier, 1000V, 1A

Nice basic DIP silicone bridge rectifier. Operation is very simple: two pins are marked with ~, that's where the AC goes in, and then there's a + and a - where the DC comes out. Note, the power these can handle is reliant on heat dissipation, so it's likely these cannot handle 1000V at 1A without melting, but 6V at 1A or 1000V at 5mA will work fine.

Part number is DB107, full datasheets can be found here.

Hall Effect Sensor, Y3144

The Y3144 (interchangeable with A3144) is a good basic starter hall effect sensor, and has an integrated switch to make the output digital, so either on, or off. It can run anywhere from 4.5-30 volts, and can handle enough current to run a transistor or even an LED.

Transister, IRF3205, Power MOSFET

The IRF3205 is a powerful TO-220 package MOSFET capable of dissipating over 50 watts of power.

Datasheet Here, property of International Rectifier.

Transistor, 2N3904, NPN

A good basic NPN transistor, capable of 625mw and 300x gain. All in all, a good introduction to transistors as amplifiers or electronic switches. Datasheet here, property of Fairchild Semiconductor.

Transistor, 2N3906, PNP

A good basic PNP transistor, capable of 625mw and 300x gain. All in all, a good introduction to transistors as amplifiers or electronic switches. Datasheet here, property of Fairchild Semiconductor.

Transistor, 2N7000, MOSFET

A good basic N-channel MOSFET transistor, capable of 400mw power dissipation, used primarily as a switch. Datasheet here, property of Fairchild Semiconductor.

Transistor, MPSA13 Darlington

The MPSA13 is a Darlington transistor, which means its tiny case secretly holds two transistors that work with each other for higher gain. Capable of 30v and 500mA, but gets hot over 625mw.